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Hacia una (nueva) teoría de la desinformación: Un estudio exploratorio

Resumen

El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar el estado actual de la investigación en torno a la desinformación, para obtener una base de datos con los planteamientos teóricos y metodológicos existentes mediante una búsqueda de literatura científica, como libros digitales, artículos arbitrados e indexados. La pregunta que guía esta indagación se centra en conocer los planteamientos teóricos y las propuestas metodológicas aplicadas en su estudio.

Palabras clave: Desinformación, Intencionalidad, Mentira, Verdad

The objective of this research is to identify the current state of research on disinformation, to obtain a database with the existing theoretical and methodological approaches through a search of scientific literature, such as digital books, refereed and indexed articles. The question that guides this inquiry is focused on knowing the theoretical approaches and methodological proposals applied in its study.

Key Words: Disinformation, Intentionality, Untruth, Truth

Ra tsapu ts’ike jñaa*

Ne k’o ri jandu̷  kja ne nudya daja jyod’u̷  ñ’iji nunu jñandu ne ja kjaa nudya kja ne jyod’u̷  ñ’iji k’a t’e/zi k’u/ na sjanra ñii un n’intsijmi k’a ne b’ezhi kja ra xits’i, mbara k’u̷  ra ndonjo daja ja ba kjaa kja ra xits’i ko ye mamu̷  na joo pjeñe ñe kja ja ra tsjapu̷  ke b’u̷ b’u̷ , a kjanu daja jod’u̷  kja xoru̷  n’año xiskuama kja ne ndamba/ra/, nza kja xiskuama kja pedye jmicha, ts’xiskuama arbitrados ñe indexados. Ne kjo ke k’u̷  tsu̷jn’u̷  nuna jyod’u̷  ñ’iji kjaa jod’u̷  kja pa̱ra̱ ye eme na joo pjeñe ñe ye na/mba/ ñe kja ja ra tsjapu̷  s’otju kja in jyod’u̷  ñ’iji.

Jña’a na joo: ne b’ezhi kja ra xits’i, kó nee ra tsjaa, mbechjine, kjuana

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La infancia en el mundo cibernético

Resumen

La edad correspondiente al inicio de la vida ha sido abordada en diferentes campos del conocimiento y de ella se han producido discursos que marcan distintas cualidades de lo humano a través de la historia. La infancia encuentra su tiempo a partir de parámetros médicos, fisiológicos, psicológicos, pedagógicos, psicoanalíticos, por nombrar algunos y en este último caso lo infantil está asociado al periodo en el que no se posee aun la facultad de hacer uso del lenguaje, y que por lo tanto se sintetiza en un ser sin palabra. Esa literalidad del silencio puede constituirse en una posición subjetiva cuando los sujetos insertos ya en el lenguaje, eligen el silencio frente a las pantallas de los dispositivos electrónicos, retornando así a una posición infantil promovida por el mundo virtual. El universo simbólico que hasta hoy ha estructurado a los hablantes, cobra nuevas formas que ponen en cuestión la propia constitución subjetiva de los habitantes de la cibercultura.

Palabras clave: Infans, niños, dispositivos, mundo virtual, infantilización.

Abstract

The age that corresponds to the beginning of life has been approached in different fields of research and, consequently, discourses that mark different qualities of the human being throughout history have been produced. Infancy is defined by medical, physiological, psychological, pedagogical and psychoanalytical parameters, to name but a few. In the latter case, infancy is associated with the period of time in which one does not yet possess the faculty of using language, and which is therefore synthesised in a being without speech. This literalness of silence can be constituted in a subjective position when the subjects, already immersed in language, choose silence in front of the screens of electronic devices, thus returning to an infantile position invigorated by the virtual world. The symbolic universe that has provided a structure for speakers until now takes on new forms that call into question the very subjective constitution of the inhabitants of cyberculture.

Keywords: Infans, children, devices, virtual world, infantilisation.

Ipan koneyotl tlen tlaltepaktli cibercultura

Tlajkuilol achi kotok

Ipan seueuetilistli kampa peuali tlen nemilistli uan ilnamikili ini tlaxexeloli tlakautli ipan tlajlamikili uan ya elitij amamekatl onkaj amoneuki teaxkatili tlen tlakatl tetsalan ueuejkayomatilistli. Ipan koneyotl pantia kauitl tetsalan tlen yektlalnamikili tepajtilismej, tlaixpantilnextilmej, tlaixtlajlamikilmej, tlamachtilnextilmej ik itoka akamej uan ini sa iyojtsi kaxitl in piltontsi ini nechikoli ini kauitl maske tlajke amo pia moja chikauastli tlen tlachiua tlamanilistli ik tlajtoli, uan tlajke pampa ixkichi achi tlajkuiloli se nee ni tlajtoli. Ini melauak ik nekaualistli uelis kaltiaj tlen se tlachinanko ijkino kemaj tlen maseualmej tlatsintia pampa ipan tlajtoli, ixtemoua tlen nekaualistli ixpan un teposnextili tlen in tepostli matekiyo, kuepa ijkino se tlachinanko piltontsi temaka ixmati ik tlaltepaktli uejkaitali. Ipan tlalnantli iuani tlajke uakok onkaj tlatekpanali tlen maseualmej inama yankuilistli tlakuilmachiotl tlajke tlen ueyi nauatili tlen maseualmej tlen ciber cultura.

Tlajtolij tlatlapololistli: Koneyotl, kokone, tepostli, tlaltepaktli uejkaitali, infanitilización.

Traducción a la lengua Náhuatl de la Huasteca Hidalguense: Mayra Alejandra Reyes Cazares.

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On-line Bride’s Services – What Are They?

Resumen

When it comes to having a wedding, a traditional wedding is not really the only strategy to a modern female. For many, thinking about tying the knot via mail order bride providers appeals latinfeels delete account to these people because it will save them the hassle of traveling to a nearby city for the big event. To start with, you will find no officiants to provide you with the required service. There is also to arrange for your own personel transportation and lodging. Everything adds up to an expensive affair.

In terms of price, mail purchase brides are extremely much affordable compared to their very own Ukraine equivalent. The da postagem service here in the UK is competitively listed, so expect the charges to be actually lower. This can be another reason as to why many vacationers to the region prefer to get married via this route. Moreover, the paperwork method involved in a conventional wedding in another foreign nation may take much longer than usual, which can be something else that brides will appreciate.

As previously mentioned, mail-order brides to be save the typical tourist a lot of time and money too. Rather than traveling to Kiev and organize the required accreditation and licenses, mailbox order brides do it your kids. Just imagine time saved simply by having to deal with marriage records in Kiev. By comparison, a Russian star of the event would need to attend a marriage marriage ceremony only to find out that her documentation continues to be rejected.

Another advantage of going through something that specializes in marriage services is the privacy that it brings. Some women who are wed in another country feel not comfortable having a new person get operating to them. In a traditional marriage, these women are generally forced to get married to the person of their choice and often dread the idea of anybody else entering into their newly found absolutely adore. In an internet bride system, the woman lives with her fresh husband and his relatives. There is no pressure for her to wed an individual against her will, so she can enjoy the time that she has with her fresh family whenever you can.

In the end is said and done, many web based bride providers offer totally free marriage counseling because of their clients. This is not always a great available choice in a classic marriage service plan, but in some instances it is an clear necessity. The new bride requirements help finding out the legal aspects of her marriage and the emotional luggage that comes with it. It’s understandable to be perplexed and weighed down with all that is certainly happening to you, but you don’t have to take a seat and consider that; you can get professional help now!

Many of these services also have websites where the couple’s photographs are displayed. Not only does this serve as a great way for the purpose of the new groom and bride to get to know the other person, but it also provides the couple a feeling of permanence every time they look at photographs that they haven’t seen in several years. It’s nice to look backside on your wedding and remember how beautiful everything seemed to afterward you.

Additionally there are many internet bride’s services that appeal to brides who currently have a wedding or are getting married. In these situations, the bride might already truly feel overwhelmed together with the wedding programs and all that she has you need to do is allow service providers to handle all of the information for her. They are going to make all the arrangements on her behalf, including the themed wedding invitations and purchase forms. As soon as the bride has taken care of them, she can easily sit back and relax and enjoy the rest of the wedding planning process. In so many cases, this is a particularly nice characteristic for the younger brides and grooms. The mother with the bride may well have a lot of insight during the wedding preparation process and she may relax acknowledge that everything will probably be taken care of on her, while the mother for the groom may just settle-back and enjoy the special day that he is creating for her.

In the end, the purpose of an online bride’s provider is to associated with bride’s day even better than she at any time thought practical. The more included the bride is, the happier she is going to be plus the more enjoyable for the whole wedding planning method will be. It is additionally a great way for future years mother on the groom to get involved in the wedding ceremony plans. A large number of future father and mother of the star of the event are more than happy to help with any way they can in making all their long term future daughter’s marriage just best. And the best part is: the expenses are usually affordable!

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Danzas Indígenas: Rituales de identidad en comunidades chontales de Tabasco 

Resumen

Las danzas indígenas contemporáneas son ritos, cuyos contenidos simbólicos enmarcan la historia de esas poblaciones, ya que en su ejecución se enlaza su pasado con el presente, ofreciendo una narrativa visual cronológica. Son danzas de conquista, en donde los personajes que conforman ese rito, dejan al descubierto el proceso de conversión religiosa que va del politeísmo prehispánico, al cristianismo español. Cabe decir que la iglesia católica juega un rol preponderante en su preservación y transmisión a las nuevas generaciones, aunque también la participación y apego de los propios habitantes, es un factor que determina su subsistencia al paso del tiempo. 

En Tabasco, hay dos danzas que se han convertido en referentes debido al  interés creciente de propios y extraños para valorarlas, aprenderlas, ejecutarlas, transmitirlas y apreciarlas. Son la danza del Caballito Blanco que se ejecuta en Tamulté de las Sabanas y la Danza del Caballito y el Gigante, que se desarrolla en Tecoluta, segunda sección, en Nacajuca. Estas comunidades son mayas chontales. Los dos rituales dancísticos se analizan en este artículo desde su estructura simbólica, contexto cultural y religioso, que entretejen. 

 Palabras clave: danza, indígenas, rito, chontales, identidad. 

Abstract

The contemporary indigenous dances are rituals that in their symbolic contents have the history of those populations where they are done but also link the past with the present offering a chronological visual narrative. They are dances of Conquest where the characters that make up this rite expose this process of religious conversion through prehispanic polytheism to Spanish Christianity. The Catholic Church plays a major role in their preservation and transmission to new generations but also the participation and interest of the people themselves is another factor that determines their survival over time.

In Tabasco, there are two dances that have become referents due to the growing interest of own and strangers to value them, to learn them, to execute them, to transmit them and to appreciate them.  The “Caballito Blanco” dance that develops on Tamulté de las Sabanas and “Caballito y el Gigante” dance  that develops in Tecoluta, Segunda sección in Nacajuca. Both are Chontal Maya communities. These two dance rituals are analyzed from their symbolic structure encompassing the cultural and religious context in which it occurs.

Key Words: dances, indigenous, ritual, chontales, identity.

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